What if
How do I test a process change without running the experiment on customers?
The three ways to find out what a change will do before committing to it, what each costs, and the point at which arithmetic on paper stops being enough.
Section
Simulation and what if
Asking a question about a process before changing it, and knowing what the answer is worth.
Variation
Your step does not take eight minutes. It takes a shape.
Every process model asks how long a step takes, and answering with one number throws away the thing that causes the queue. What to collect instead, and how to read it.
Scheduling
Monday looks worse because Friday never finished
Work does not stop arriving when a shift ends, but it does stop being processed. Every gap in the roster is a queue being filled by nobody.